AC Joint Injury

The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is a critical part of the shoulder structure, connecting the clavicle (collarbone) to the acromion, which is part of the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint allows for the movement and flexibility needed for many upper-body functions, such as lifting and rotating the arm. However, it is also vulnerable to injuries, especially during falls or high-impact activities.

If you suspect you have an AC joint injury, Orthopaedic Associates of Zanesville in Zanesville, OH, offers comprehensive shoulder care and treatment options tailored to your needs. Contact us today!

What is the AC Joint?

The AC joint is located at the top of the shoulder, where the collarbone meets the shoulder blade. This joint is stabilized by several ligaments that provide support while allowing a wide range of motion. The AC joint plays a key role in shoulder movement and strength, making it essential for activities that involve raising or rotating the arm.

What is an AC Joint Injury?

An AC joint injury occurs when the ligaments holding the joint together are stretched or torn. This typically happens due to a direct impact, such as falling onto the shoulder or taking a blow to the joint. Injuries can range from a mild sprain to a complete shoulder separation.

AC Joint Injury Symptoms

Symptoms of an AC joint injury vary depending on the severity but typically include:

These symptoms can worsen when pressure is applied or when the arm is moved in certain directions, making daily activities difficult.

Grades of AC Joint Injuries

AC joint injuries are classified into different grades based on severity:

Grade 1: A mild AC joint sprain where the ligaments are stretched or partially torn. The coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments have no injury and the joint remains stable. There is minor pain and tenderness.
Grade 2: A complete tear of the AC ligaments and a partial tear of the CC ligaments. This results in more noticeable pain, swelling, and a slight deformity.
Grade 3: A complete tear of both the AC and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments, causing significant instability, severe pain, and a visible bump on the shoulder.
Grades 4-6: These involve severe dislocation with different variations of soft tissue damage, often requiring surgical intervention.

Causes and Risk Factors

The most common causes of AC joint injuries include:

Risk factors include participating in high-impact sports, previous shoulder injuries, and aging, which can weaken the ligaments.

Diagnosing AC Joint Injuries

Diagnosing an AC joint injury typically involves a physical examination where the doctor assesses pain, swelling, and deformity in the shoulder area. You may be asked to hold a weight to see if it causes a more visible deformity.

Imaging tests like X-rays or MRIs are often used to confirm the injury and determine its severity.

Treatments We Offer for AC Joint Injuries

Treatment for AC joint injuries varies depending on the injury grade:

Non-Surgical Options: For Grade 1 and Grade 2 injuries, rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory and pain medication are often recommended to reduce swelling and joint pain. A sling may be used to immobilize the shoulder and promote healing. Physical therapy is crucial for regaining strength and mobility in the shoulder joint.
Surgical Options: Grade 3 injuries might require AC joint surgery if there’s significant instability or if non-surgical treatments don’t provide relief. Grades 4-6 almost always require surgical intervention to realign the joint and repair torn ligaments.

At Orthopaedic Associates of Zanesville, we offer a wide range of shoulder treatment options, including both conservative care and advanced surgical procedures, to help you recover effectively and return to your daily activities.

Recovery

Recovery time depends on the severity of the injury and the treatment method. For mild injuries, healing may take just a few weeks, while more severe cases could require several months, especially if surgery is involved. Most AC joint injuries require physical therapy to rebuild shoulder strength and restore range of motion. This will help you to return to normal activities as safely and quickly as possible.

Most people return to near full function with this injury, even if there is a persistent, significant deformity/bump. Some people have continued pain in the area of the AC joint, even with only a mild deformity. This may be due to:

Abnormal contact between the bone ends when the joint is in motion
Development of AC joint arthritis
Injury to a disk-like piece of cushioning cartilage that is often found between the bone ends of this joint

How to Prevent the Injury

While not all AC joint injuries can be prevented, you can reduce your risk with the following steps:

Wear Proper Protective Gear: In contact sports, use appropriate shoulder padding.
Strengthen Shoulder Muscles: Regular exercises that focus on shoulder stability can help protect the AC joint.
Improve Technique: For activities like weightlifting or sports, ensuring proper form reduces unnecessary strain on the shoulder.
Stay Cautious: Be mindful of slippery surfaces or situations that could lead to falls.

Get Expert Shoulder Care at Orthopaedic Associates of Zanesville

If you’re experiencing shoulder pain or suspect an AC joint injury, our team at Orthopaedic Associates of Zanesville is here to help. We provide specialized care to diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate shoulder injuries, allowing you to get back to your active lifestyle. Contact us today to schedule a consultation!

Medically reviewed by Jordan R. Bonier, DO, MS

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